Cognition and Memory
Cognition is understood as the ability to acquire new knowledge, process information and make decisions.
Functions such as perception, attention, memory, thinking, language processing and learning are involved; all of them highly important processes.
Lack of concentration is a disorder of attention that makes it difficult to carry out everyday tasks. It is closely linked to memory problems, meaning that it is not only difficult to recall information but also to retain it in the moment. In severe cases, such memory impairment can interfere with activities of daily living.
Memory loss may be temporary, occurring for a short period of time, or it may not disappear and become permanent. Depending on the cause, it may worsen over time.
There are various factors that can lead to involuntary memory loss, both in young people and in older adults.
- Due to health-related causes: side effects of certain medications (barbiturates, hypnotics), deficiencies of vitamins B1, B6, B9 and B12, and alcohol abuse. Certain disorders of the thyroid, kidneys or liver may also contribute.
- Due to stress, anxiety or other mental health problems.
- Due to dementia: it is one of the most significant problems affecting older adults, although it is not a normal consequence of ageing. It involves the appearance, generally chronic, of cognitive problems such as memory loss, speech difficulties, behavioural changes, etc. There are different types, but the most common is Alzheimer’s disease.
- Due to age and normal ageing: although they are not exclusive to older adults, they are the population most susceptible. When these problems begin to be more severe than normal, it may indicate Mild Cognitive Impairment or even dementia.
- Due to mild cognitive impairment: this is a condition characterised by memory loss, but it does not prevent the person from carrying out their daily activities.
- Due to a new brain injury: such as a brain tumour, damage caused by radiation or chemotherapy, concussion, or head trauma.